[ 6 Vol. ] A Mediterranean Society. The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza.

Schutzumschl� mit Gebrauchsspuren (leicht berieben und leicht verf�t an einigen Stellen), einige Buchschnitt leicht angeschmutzt, Bd. 6 ohne Schutzumschlag, sonst gute Exemplare, sauber und ohne Anstreichungen / Dust jackets with signs of usage (slightly rubbed and slightly discolored in some places), some book edges slightly soiled, Vol. 6 without dust jacket, otherwise good copies, clean and without markings. - Vol. I: Contents AUTHOR�S NOTE ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS * INTRODUCTION: The Cairo Geniza Documents as a Source of Mediterranean Social History (map of Egypt facing) THEIR DISCOVERY AND TRANSFER TO LIBRARIES IN EUROPE AND AMERICA GENIZA V. ARCHIVE�-TYPES OF DOCUMENTS, THEIR NUMBERS, SCRIPTS, AND LANGUAGES THE TIMES AND COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN OF THE GENIZA DOCUMENTS�RESEARCH ON THE CAIRO GENIZA DOCUMENTS AND THEIR VALUE FOR SOCIAL HISTORY I. THE MEDITERRANEAN SCENE DURING THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (969-1250) 1. Historical Survey 2. International Contacts 3. Freedom of Communication 4. The Geniza People as Representative of Mediterranean Society II. THE WORKING PEOPLE 1. The Social Classes 2. The Craftsmen 3. The Wage Earners 4. The Main Industries 5. Agriculture and Fishery 6. Professions of Women 7. Slaves and Slave Girls III. THE WORLD OF COMMERCE AND FINANCE Introductory Note: periods and countries prominent in THE BUSINESS DOCUMENTS OF THE GENIZA A. The Merchants and Their Employees 1. TYPES OF BUSINESSMEN PRODUCERS AND DEALERS�RETAILERS AND WHOLESALERS MERCHANTS� DIVERSIFICATION AND SPECIALIZATION ITINERANT AND STATIONARY MERCHANTS�BROKERS, AUCTIONEERS, AND OTHER MIDDLEMEN-�FEMALE BROKERS B. The Ways of Commercial Cooperation 1. �friendship� and informal �cooperation� 2. PARTNERSHIPS AND COMMENDA 3. FAMILY PARTNERSHIPS 4. COMMISSION AND AGENCY C. The Representative of the Merchants and His Warehouse D. Business Procedures and Practices PERSONAL DEALINGS AND PUBLIC SALES�BUSINESS LOCALITIES AND SEASONS-�TRANSACTION PROCEDURES PAYMENT AND CREDIT-�BUSINESS PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES�PROFITS AND LOSSES ACCOUNTS AND BOOKKEEPING E. Commodities, Trade Routes, and Prices ON GOODS IN GENERAL TRADE ROUTES AND VOLUME OF COMMERCE�THE JUNGLE OF PRICES F. Money, Banking, and Finance THE NATURE OF MONEY AND THE BUSINESS OF THE BANKER�DEBTS AND LOANS-�INVESTMENT AND HOARDING G. Government Control of Commerce IV. TRAVEL AND SEAFARING 1. Incentives for Travel 2. Overland Travel 3. The Commercial Overland Mail Service 4. River Traffic 5. Seafaring: Its Economic Importance 6. Types of Vessels 7. The Organization of Shipping 8. On the High Seas 9. Piracy, War, and other Man-Made Dangers 10. Packing, Shipping, and Storage 11. Cost of Transport 12. On Travel in General APPENDIXES A. Dates and Names B. Coins, Weights, and Measures C. Industrial Partnerships D. The Exchange Rate of Gold and Silver Money NOTES INDEXES Index of Geniza Texts General Index / Vol. II: Contents ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS MAP OF MEDIEVAL EGYPT V. COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION AND INSTITUTIONS Introduction: The Functioning of a Medieval Democracy A. Ecumenical and Territorial Authorities L The Gaon, or Head of the Academy, and the �Head of the Diaspora� 2. The Territorial Heads of the Jewish Community. The Nagid B. The Local Community 1. Its Composition and Organization Name and general character�Large, medium-sized, and small communities�Congregation v. Community-Plenary assembly and representative bodies� Age groups, social classes, and factions�Statutes and economic measures 2. The Officials of the Community The muqaddam, or appointed executive�The Head of the Congregations(s)�The social service officers and the �Trustees of the Court��The synagogue beadle and messenger of the court�Other officials�Public service and the principle of heredity C. The Social Services 1. Their General Character and Organization 2. Sources of Revenue and Types of Relief 3. Charitable Foundations (Houses and Other Communal Property) 4. The Beneficiaries of the Community Chest a. The officials b. The needy Free bread�Distributions of wheat�Clothing�Lodging�Poll tax�Medical care�Education�Cash�Burial expenses�Aid to travelers�Ransoming of captives 5. Epilogue: An Appraisal of the Social Services D. Worship 1. The House of Worship a. Its Architecture b. The Furnishings of the Synagogue c. The Synagogue Compound 2. Life in the Synagogue VI. EDUCATION AND THE PROFESSIONAL CLASS 1. Preliminary Considerations 2. Elementary Stage 3. Education of Girls, Women Teachers 4. Organization of Elementary Education. Economic and Social Position of Teachers 5. Vocational Training 6. Adult Education 7. Higher Studies: Organization 8. Higher Studies: Syllabus and Methods 9. Scholars, Judges, Preachers 10. Cantors and Other Religious Functionaries 11. Scribes and Copyists 12. Medical Profession 13. Druggists, Pharmacists, Perfumers, Preparers of Potions VII. INTERFAITH RELATIONS, COMMUNAL AUTONOMY, AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL A. Interfaith Relations 1. Group Consciousness and Discrimination 2. Interfaith Symbiosis and Cooperation 3. Converts and Proselytes B. Communal Jurisdiction 1. The Judiciary 2. The Law 3. Procedures C. The State 1. The Government and Its Servants a. Rulers and Their Entourages b. Government Officials and Agents. Tax- farmers c. Judiciary and Police d. Non-Muslim Government Officials 2. The Poll Tax and Other Impositions D. Communal Autonomy and Government Control 1. The Interplay of Laws 2. How Much Autonomy? APPENDIXES Author�s Note A. Documents Regarding Charitable Foundations (Mainly Houses) B. Documents Listing the Beneficiaries of the Community Chest C. Documents of Appeal and Lists of Contributors D. Jewish Judges in Old (and New) Cairo, 965-1265 NOTES Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter Vil GENERAL INDEX / Vol. III: Contents AUTHOR�S NOTE ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS VIII. THE FAMILY A. �The House of the Father�: The Extended Family Introduction 1. Honoring Ancestors and Agnates: Memorial Services and Family-oriented Names Memorial lists�The naming of children� Surnames�Nicknames of ancestors as surnames of their descendants�Family names derived from occupations or places of origin��The illustrious houses� 2. Horizontal Coherence: Brothers and Sisters. Endogamy Brothers between themselves�Brothers and sisters�The sister�s son�Endogamy; marriage with the niece�Marriage between first cousins 3. Economic and Legal Aspects of the Extended Family Family attachment and claims of the individual�Joint domicile�Joint undertakings and responsibilities B. Marriage 1. The Nature of the Marriage Bond The fundamentals�The sanctity of marriage�Choosing a mate�Remaining unmarried 2. Engagement and Bethrothal An engagement contract, preceded by a story and followed by a legal opinion�The three stages�The legal and actual position of the bride�Child marriage�Marriage and the authorities�Engagement�Betrothal 3. Wedding and the Marriage Contract How well preserved the Geniza marriage contract is and how to study it�What does the Geniza marriage contract tell us?�Physical features�Wedding 4. The Economic Foundations of Marriage The obligations of the husband�The bride�s dowry�The economic role of the wife� From the family papers of persons known otherwise�Some general conclusions 5. Social Safeguards Two examples of �conditions��The wife�s trustworthiness-�No second wife, no maidservant without the wife�s approval, no concubine�The spouses� residence and relations with their mutual families�Restriction of the freedom of movement of wife and husband� Conduct of the spouses�Mixed marriages� Squabbles over marriage agreements C. �The House, � or Nuclear Family 1. Husband and Wife �Baby� and �Mistress of the house��Affection and conjugal relations�Problems with the couple�s relatives and residence�Possessions and pecuniary obligations of husband and wife�Wife-beating�The absent husband�The runaway husband�Polygyny, levirate, and sororate�Settlements and appeals�Three letters 2. Parents and Children The value of children to parents�Bearing and rearing�The size of the nuclear family�Relationships between grown-up children and their parents�Foster children 3. Widowhood, Divorce, and Remarriage Widowhood�Divorce�Remarriage 4. Heirs and Orphans The process of succession�The administration of the possessions of orphans�The lot of orphans D. The World of Women Outside men�s purview�The message of women�s names�Historical antecedents� Women in economic life�Women in court� Women on travel�At home�The independent woman�A world within a world APPENDIX: The Economics of Marriage Part I. Eight Groups of Documents on Marriage Part II. General Data about Marriage Gift and Dowry and the Status of Bride and Groom notes GENERAL INDEX / Vol. IV: Contents PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS MAP OF MEDIEVAL EGYPJ IX. DAILY LIFE A. The Home 1. The City The medieval Islamic city�Capitals and port cities�The great cities and �the Province�� Cairo and Fustat�Topographic features� Zoning�Ruins�Unoccupied premises�Semipublic buildings and other landmarks�The House of God as the gathering place for the people�The presence of the government� Security and sanitation�The individual and his hometown 2. Domestic Architecture General character�Geniza evidence, archaeology, and the traditional Egyptian house�Types of houses�Front and entrance�The qa'a, or main floor�The living room, its interior, and accessory chambers�The uses of the qa'a�The upper floors�The loggia and similar structures�Staircases and roofs�Storage rooms� Stables and other isolated structures�Belvederes and gardens�Conclusions�Three houses as described in documents: A mansion in Fustat� The upper floors of a Cairene house�A three- story house in a provincial town� 3. Socioeconomic Aspects of Housing Ownership�Prices, sales, and gifts of houses� Renting of premises�Durability and maintenance�Appraisal 4. Furnishings of the Home The interior: The wife�s domain�Seating and bedding�Draperies, carpets, mats, and hides� Trunks and chests�Lighting and heating� Fumigating and freshening 5. Housewares Washing�Storage and cooking�Dining and amenities B. Clothing and Jewelry 1. Clothing Attitudes toward clothing and general appearance�Clothing at home and outerwear�Male and female costumes�Changing, especially for the Sabbath and holidays�Types of clothing: the parts of the body and their covers�Fabrics and colors�Tailoring and treatment�Care and economic importance�Cosmopolitan, local, and communal aspects� 2. Jewelry Definition�Materials�Shapes and techniques� The ornaments�At the dressing table C. Food and Drink 1. Food Talking about food�-Household accounts� Wheat and bread��All the things men eat with bread� 2. Wine and Other Beverages Wine as daily diet and for festive occasions�Containers and prices�Domestic and imported� Recipes for wine�Beer�Soft drinks D. Mounts The riding animal as status symbol�Prices�Renting mounts�The material things. A Retrospective A Note on Sachkultur APPENDIXES A. Prices of Houses in Geniza Documents (antedating 1250) B. The Cost of Rents in Communal Buildings C. Furnishings D. Selected Documents Documents I �V. Five Trousseau Lists�Docu- ment VI. Pawning of Garments and Other Items of a Trousseau�Documents VII �IX. From the Inventories of the Estates of Men�Documents X, a�c. Documents on Jewelry and Silver Utensils. / Vol. V: Contents FOREWORD PREFACE AUTHOR�S NOTE ABBREVIATIONS MAP OF MEDIEVAL EGYPT X. THE INDIVIDUAL: Portrait of a Mediterranean Personality of the High Middle Ages Note on the Sources A. A Social Being 1. Gatherings Introducing the people of the Geniza�Weekends and holidays�Holy shrines and pilgrimages� Calls and visits, congratulations and condolences�Hospitality�Pastimes 2. Challenges Hard times�Poverty�Illness�Old age 3. Death Expectations and preparations�A communal event�Living with the dead B. Awareness of Personality 1. The Ideal Person Character study�The principal virtues�Honor and honesty 2. �Your Noble Self.� Considerateness The personal touch in letters to and from women�Expressions of sensitivity�Moods 3. Rank and renown 4. Friendship and enmity On the nature and history of friendship� Friendship among intellectuals�Breaking off� Envy and enmity 5. Sex C. The True Believer 1. Trust in the Merciful 2. Close to God 3. Member of God�s community 4. Schism and counterreformation The Karaite response to the fall of Jerusalem in July 1099�Counterreformation 5. Messianic expectations and the World to Come The World to Come D. The Prestige of Scholarship A Survey The Talmudic scholar and student of the Law� The physician and student of the sciences�The astronomer and astrologer�The master of language�The poet Seven Portraits An all-around education�Scholarship as a profession�Scholarship as an avocation�Interconfessional learned contacts�Judah ha-Levi: Poet laureate, religious thinker, communal leader, physician�Pious women�A perfect man with a tragic fate: Abraham Maimonides / Vol. VI: Contents PREFACE GENERAL INDEX INDEX OF GENIZA TEXTS INDEX OF SCRIPTURAL, RABBINIC, AND MAIMONIDEAN CITATIONS. / Wikipedia: Shelomo Dov Goitein (April 3, 1900 � February 6, 1985) was a German-Jewish ethnographer, historian and Arabist known for his research on Jewish life in the Islamic Middle Ages, and particularly on the Cairo Geniza. [.] From 1948, Goitein began his life's work on the Cairo Geniza documents. An especially rich geniza with a large volume of correspondence was discovered in Old Cairo containing thousands of documents dating from the 9th to the 13th centuries. Since Jews began every letter or document with the words "With the help of God," the papers reflected all aspects of everyday life in the countries of North Africa and bordering the Mediterranean. The documents included many letters from Jewish traders en route from Tunisia and Egypt to Yemen and ultimately to India. The papers were mostly written in Judeo-Arabic characters. After deciphering the documents, Goitein vividly reconstructed many aspects of Jewish life in the Middle Ages, publishing them in a six-volume monumental series, A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza (1967�1993). Although the documents were written by Jews, they reflect the surrounding Moslem and Christian environments not only in countries bordering the Mediterranean but all the way to India. This has thrown new light on the whole study of the Middle Ages. ISBN 0520221583