[FATHER of the MODERN MUSIC and MUSIKA-YI HUMÂYÛN / FIRST ANTHEM of the OTTOMAN EMPIRE in the WESTERN STYLE] [SHEET MUSIC] Marche Imperiale Ottomane.= Devlet-i Âliyye-i Osmaniyye marsi. Arrangee pour piano par G[iovanni] Avolio, (1849-1936).

Paperback. Folio. (33 x24cm). In Ottoman script and French. [3], [1] p. Ottoman stamped in period. The Ottoman Empire used anthems since its foundation in the late 13th century, but did not use a specific imperial or national anthem until the 19th century. During the reign of Mahmud II, when the military and imperial band were re-organized along Western lines, Giuseppe Donizetti was invited to head the process. Donizetti Pasha, as he was known in the Ottoman Empire, composed the first Western-style imperial anthem, the Mahmudiye Marsi. Like in many other monarchies of its time, the anthem of the Ottoman Empire was an imperial anthem, not a national one. Hence it paid homage to a specific ruler and a new anthem was composed at each imperial succession. However, in 1844, with the Tanzimat reforms, the Mecidiye Marsi was recognized as the first official Ottoman national anthem. The first official Ottoman national flag (which was in essence identical to the present-day Turkish flag) was also adopted in 1844. Giuseppe Donizetti was an Italian musician. From 1828 he was Instructor General of the Imperial Ottoman Music at the court of Sultan Mahmud II (1808-39). His younger brother was the famous opera composer Gaetano Donizetti. He studied music first with his uncle, Carini Donizetti, and, later, he was a pupil of Simone Mayr. After enlisting in Napoleon's army (1808), he served there as band leader. He took part in the campaigns against Austria and in Spain, and followed Napoleon to Elba. He was present at the Battle of Waterloo. After the fall of Napoleon, he continued his career as a bandmaster in the Savoy army. Giuseppe Donizetti Pasha, as he was called in the Ottoman Empire, played a significant role in the introduction of European music to the Ottoman military. Apart from overseeing the training of the European-style military bands of Mahmud's modern army, he taught music at the palace to the members of the Ottoman royal family, the princes and the ladies of the harem, is believed to have composed the first national anthem of the Ottoman Empire, supported the annual Italian opera season in Pera, organised concerts and operatic performances at court, and played host to a number of eminent virtuosi who visited Istanbul at the time, such as Franz Liszt, Parish Alvars and Leopold de Meyer. Although the elder Donizetti was born in Bergamo, Italy, Constantinople became a second home for him, and he lived there until his death in 1856. He is buried in the vaults of the St. Esprit Cathedral, near the Beyoglu district of Istanbul, in Pera. Giovanni Avolio, (1849-1936) was an Italian conductor and composer. According to the sheet musical paper, this first anthem was composed in 1831 by Donizetti and arranged by Avolio into piano in 1918. J. D. Andria is one of the best known music publishers among the Ottoman Empire mionrities. According to he documents in hand, it can be estimated that he began musical score publication in the year of 1904. Andria dealt with music publication at the address of Beyoglu, Istiklal Street (Near Agha Mosque) at 68 no. Andria also published four pieces of Turkish marche parties for piano as far as we know; besides his big sized west music works, which were published in general by him. Donizetti's 'Marche' is one of them as well besides Halit Recep Arman's, Miilok's, and Orente's ones. It is known when publishing life of Andria ended. (Source: Musical publications from Ottoman Empire up today, 1876-1986.; BÜLENT ALANER).

Lingue: Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928)